HB vaccine in babies and developmental disabilities and arthritis: (i) the HB virus is primarily transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person or by injections with contaminated material (drug using) and poses no risk to infants unless the mother is a carrier. Studies on boys between 0–9 years who received a complete triple series of HB vaccine were found to have more developmental disabilities, and those aged 3–17 years who received HB vaccination during the first month had a 3-times greater risk of ASD than unvaccinated boys. HB has also been linked to several types of arthritis.
Vaccines and diabetes: There is also a suggestion and well established evidence that vaccines create appearance of diabetes in children. Immune stimulation would lead to destruction of pancreas cells producing insulin.
Vaccines and cancer: a type of virus called Simian (SV40) that once was exclusive to monkeys, began showing up in human polio vaccines in 1960. "Because SV40 was not discovered until 1960, no one was aware in the 1950s that polio vaccine could be contaminated," the Center for Disease Ccontrol website explained.
“Soon after its discovery in 1960, SV40 was identified in polio vaccine. It was found in the injected form of the vaccine (IPV). The existing polio vaccine stocks were used until 1963," in the U.S., UK, Australia and the former Soviet Union. The Soviet polio vaccine may even have been contaminated after 1963 - possibly up to the early 1980s, "The vaccine was almost certainly used throughout the Soviet bloc and probably exported to China, Japan and several countries in Africa. That means hundreds of millions could have been exposed to SV40 after 1963," the CDC report said.
Some studies have found SV40 in certain forms of cancer in humans, such as tumors located in the lungs, brain and bone tumors and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Flu vaccines and myopathies. One of the most common ones, Fluval, has a notice it the packaging stating: "There have been no controlled trials adequately demonstrating a decrease in influenza disease after vaccination with Flulaval," and "Safety and effectiveness of Flulaval have not been established in pregnant women, nursing mothers or children", or "Flulaval has not been evaluated for carcinogenic or mutagenic potential, or for impairment of fertility."
Cases of inflammatory myopathies, also associated with interstitial lung disease, followed the vaccinations of at least H1N1 plus the seasonal trivalent influenza.
What about mercury and vaccines? Mercury in the form of Thimerosal (or Thiomersal), an organic mercury compound used as a preservative in vaccines, has been retracted (almost) completely for fears of causes of neural damage. “In 1999 it was agreed that thimerosal should be reduced or eliminated in vaccines as a precautionary measure. Today, all routinely recommended pediatric vaccines in the US contain no thimerosal or only trace amounts”(RxList 2014), however some formulations of the inactivated influenza vaccine for children that are older than two years do contain Thimerosal.
References;
Agmon-Levin N, Paz Z, Israeli E, Shoenfeld Y. 2009 Vaccines and autoimmunity. Nat
Agmon-Levin, N, GRV Hughes and Y Shoenfeld 2012. The spectrum of ASIA: 'Autoimmune (Auto-inflammatory) Syndrome induced by Adjuvants Lupus 21: 118
Barthelow Classen J, Classen JB 2014. Review of Vaccine Induced Immune Overload and the Resulting Epidemics of Type 1 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome, Emphasis on Explaining the Recent Accelerations in the Risk of Prediabetes and other Immune Mediated Diseases, J Mol Genet Med S1:02
Belmonte, M., Greg Allen, Andrea Beckel-Mitchener, Lisa M. Boulanger, Ruth A. Carper, and Sara J. Webb 2004 (Autism and Abnormal Development of Brain Connectivity. The Journal of Neuroscience, 20 October 2004, 24(42): 9228-9231
Bernsen RM, Nagelkerke NJ, Thijs C, van der Wouden JC. 2008 Reported pertussis infection and risk of atopy in 8- to 12-yr-old vaccinated and non-vaccinated children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 19(1): 46-52.
Biasi D, Carletto A, Caramaschi P, Frigo A, Pacor ML, Bezzi D, Bambara LM. 1994. Rheumatological manifestations following hepatitis B vaccination. A report of 2 clinical cases (article in Italian). Recenti Prog Med 85:438-440.
Biasi D, De Sandre G, Bambara LM, Carletto A, Caramaschi P, Zanoni G, Tridente G. 1993 A new case of reactive arthritis after hepatitis B vaccination. Clin Exp Rheumatol 11:215.
Couette, M., Marie-Françoise Boisse, Patrick Maison, Pierre Brugieres, Pierre Cesaro, Xavier Chevalier, Romain K. Gherardi, Anne-Catherine Bachoud-Levi, François-Jérôme Authier 2009 Long-term persistence of vaccine-derived aluminum hydroxide is associated with chronic cognitive dysfunction, Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 103, 1571–1578
Europan Hospital, 2012. Silicone gel breast implants and connective tissue and autoimmune disease risk , http://www.european-hospital.com/en/article/9384-Silicone_gel_breast_implants_and_connective_tissue_and_autoimmune_disease_risk.html
Exley C, Siesjo¨ P, Erikssson H. The immunobiology of aluminium adjuvants: how do they really work? Trends Immunol. 2010; 31:103–9.
Finielz P, Lam-Kam-Sang LF. 1998 Systemic lupus erythematosus and thrombocytopenic purpura in two members of the same family. Nephrol Dial Transplant 13:2420-2421.
Fisher SG, Weber L, Carbone M. 1999 Cancer risk associated with simian virus 40 contaminated polio vaccine. Anticancer Res. 19(3B):2173-80.
Gherardi RK and FJ Authier 2012 Macrophagic myofasciitis: characterization and pathophysiology, Lupus 21: 184
Gross K. Combe C, Kruger K, Schattenkirschner M. 1995 Arthritis after hepatitis B vaccination. Report of three cases. Scand J Rheumatol 24:50-52.
Guiseriz J. 1996 Systemic lupus erythematosus following hepatitis B vaccine. Nephron, 74:441.
Haschulla E, Houvenagel E, Mingui A, Vincent G, Laine A. 1990. Reactive arthritis after hepatitis B vaccination. J Rheumatol 17:1250-1251.
Hertz-Picciotto, I., Hye-Youn Park, Miroslav Dostal, Anton Kocan, Tomas Trnovec and Radim Sram 2008. Prenatal Exposures to Persistent and Non-Persistent Organic Compounds and Effects on Immune System Development, Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 102, 146–154
http://www.naturalnews.com/041593_CDC_polio_vaccine_SV40_cancer_virus.html#ixzz339Istadx
Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H. 2000 Effects of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis or tetanus vaccination on allergies and allergy-related respiratory symptoms among children and adolescents in the United States. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 23(2):81-90.
Israeli E, Agmon-Levin N, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y. 2009 Adjuvants and autoimmunity.
Kawahara M (2005) Effects of aluminum on the nervous system and its possible link with neurodegenerative diseases. J Alzheimers Dis 8: 171-182.
Khan, Z. Christophe Combadière, François-Jérôme Authier, Valérie Itier, François Lux,
Christopher Exley, Meriem Mahrouf-Yorgov, Xavier Decrouy, Philippe Moretto, Olivier Tillement, Romain K Gherardi† and Josette Cadusseau 2013 Slow CCL2-dependent translocation of biopersistent particles from muscle to brain, BMC Medicine 11:99
Kawahara M, Kato-Negishi M 2011 Link between Aluminum and the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease: The Integration of the Aluminum and Amyloid Cascade Hypotheses. Int J Alzheimers Dis 276-393.
Kelly H. 2006. Evidence for a causal association between oral polio vaccine and transverse myelitis: A case history and review of the Literature. J Paediatr Child Health., 42(4):155-9.
Kool M, Soullié T, van Nimwegen M, Willart MA, Muskens F, Jung S, Hoogsteden HC, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN: Alum adjuvant boosts adaptive immunity by inducing uric acid and activating inflammatory dendritic cells. J Exp Med 2008, 205:869–882.
Luján, L., Marta Pérez, Eider Salazar, Neila Álvarez, Marina Gimeno, Pedro Pinczowski, Silvia Irusta, Jesús Santamaría, et al. 2013 Autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA syndrome) in commercial Immunologic Research, 55,1-3, 2013
Lupus 18:1217e25
Masahiro Kawahara and Midori Kato-Negishi 2011 Link between Aluminum and the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: The Integration of the Aluminum and Amyloid Cascade Hypotheses Int J Alzheimers Dis.
Melendez, L., Diana dos Santos, Luna Polido, Mariel Lopes Mendes, Silvia Sella, Luiz Querino Caldas and Emmanoel Silva-Filho, 2013, Aluminium and Other Metals May Pose a Risk to Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Biochemical and Behavioural Impairments Clin Exp Pharmacol, 3:1
Meroni, PL 2011. Autoimmune or auto-inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA): Old truths and a new syndrome? Journal of Autoimmunity 36
Rev Rheumatol 5:648e52.
Orbach H1, Tanay A. 2009 Vaccines as a trigger for myopathies. Lupus. 18(13):1213-6.
Rodella LF, Ricci F, Borsani E, Stacchiotti A, Foglio E, et al. (2008) Aluminium exposure induces Alzheimer’s disease-like histopathological alterations in mouse brain. Histol Histopathol 23: 433-439.
Exley, C., Louise Swarbrick, Rhomain K. Gherardi, Francois-Jérôme Authier 2008 A role for the body burden of aluminium in vaccine-associated macrophagic myofasciitis and chronic fatigue syndrome. Medical Hypothesis
Rogerson SJ. Nye FJ. 1990 Hepatitis B vaccine associated with erythema nodosum and polyarthritis. BMJ 301:345.
RxList, the internet Drug Index, 2014, http://www.rxlist.com/flulaval-drug.htm
Shaw, C.A., Y. Li, L. Tomljenovic 2013. Administration of aluminium to neonatal mice in vaccine-relevant amounts is associated with adverse long term neurological outcomes. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry
Shaw CA, Petrik MSJ 2009 Aluminum hydroxide injections lead to motor deficits and motor neuron degeneration. J Inorg Biochem, 103:1555–1562.
Shaw, CA, Tomljenovic, L. Aluminium in the central nervous system (CNS): toxicity in humans and animals, vaccine adjuvants, and autoimmunity. Immunol. Res.
Shoenfeld Y, Agmon-Levin N. 2011 'ASIA' - autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants. J Autoimmun. 36(1):4-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2010.07.003.
Shoenfeld, Y, Agmon Levine, N 2011 ASIA: A New Way to Put the Puzzle Together,The Rheumatologist
Tomljenovic, L., Shaw, C.A. 2011 Do aluminium vaccine adjuvants contribute to the rising prevalence of autism?. Jouranl of Inorganic Biocemistry, 105, 1489-1499
Tudela P, Marti S, Bonanl J. 1992 Systemic lupus erythematosus and vaccination against hepatitis B. Nephron 62:236.
Yokel RA, Allen DD, Meyer JJ 1994. Studies of aluminum neurobehavioral toxicity in the intact mammal. Cell Mol Neurobiol 14: 791-808.
Wikipedia 2014, Thiomersal, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiomersal
Is autism an autoimmune reaction to Al? Autism and related disorders of the autism group (Autism Spectrum Disorders, ASD) are disorders of the development of the nervous system characterized by a dysfunctional immune function and impairments in social skills, speech and cognition. In North America there has been a steep increase in the prevalence of autism by 2000% since the early 1990s. During the same time, the number of vaccinations recommended prior to school increased from 10 to more than 20 in 2010. But this is not a cause-effect measured relationship, just an observation.
However, recent results suggest that Al administered to preschool children at various ages through vaccination is cause of the rising prevalence of ASD, with highest correlation at 3–4 months of age, as there is evidence of the toxicology of Al adjuvants considering them as contributors to the rising prevalence of neurobehavioral disorders.
Scientists believe that the
inflammatory processes and immune dysfunction associated with autism
can be the result of exposure to toxic metals (lead and mercury but
especially Al) found in vaccines. Also, Al causes changes in nervous
cell membrane proteins that have a double role in the immune system and
in developmental plasticity: changes in these proteins can lead to
neurodevelopmental defects.
At this period in the life of the baby, important steps of brain development as well as many behavioral systems, including sleep, temperature regulation, respiration and brain wave patterns, form. The relationship between immune and nervous system starts during embryological development. It is therefore plausible that disruptions of critical events during the development could play a role in neurobehavioral disorders like autism.
Vaccinating young children. During the sensitive period of development (including after birth) the brain is extremely vulnerable to toxic insults. Moreover, the blood brain barrier (BBB), a membrane protecting the brain from substances carried by the blood, is incomplete and more permeable. Immune stresses, like those provoked by vaccines- regardless of adjuvants-, can lead to permanent detrimental alterations of nervous and immune system functions, as was discussed for adults, but most probably more seriously in young people due to the delicate period of life.
In many Western countries, by the time children are 4–6 years old, they will have received a total of 23–32 vaccines many with Al adjuvants. Safety tests for vaccines have often not included appropriate toxicity studies because they are not viewed as toxic. Usually, when done , tests are run on short-term period (weeks, months) while most autoimmune responses happen years after the shots. However, if a few vaccines administered to adults can result in syndromes and diseases, maybe one could suggest that the pediatric plans should receive more experimental proofs of their safety. As an example of Al toxicity in babies, exposure to 20 μg/kg (for a 6 months old 8 kg child = 160 μg) of Al for 10 days is sufficient to cause neurodevelopmental delays. As comparison, the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (first shot at 2 months of age) alone contains between 170 and 625 μg of Al.
It is very possible that repeated and closely-spaced administration of vaccines with Al as adjuvant from 0 to 12 months would increase the risk of chronic brain inflammation along with developmental disorders of the nervous system.
Al toxicity for all: Effects of Al intoxication on the nervous system include: disruption of synaptic activity, reshaping of proteins, promotion of oxidant stress, increased permeability of the blood–brain barrier.
Al causes death of neurons and glial cells, affects the
neurotransmitter content in neurons, influences emotional
reactivity and impairs various brain functions related to learning and
memory.
It is true that humans are exposed to many sources of Al and Al can be absorbed with food. However, only 0.25% of Al ingested is absorbed, while injected Al (like in vaccines) may be completely absorbed over time and bypass the protective barrier of the gastrointestinal tract entering the lymphatic and blood system, i.e. it will probably require a lower dose to produce a toxic response.
Aluminum toxicity shows other several pathologic effects such as post-dialysis encephalopathy (an Alzheimer’s-like disorder shown in some patients undertaking dialysis including symptoms like speech abnormalities, memory loss, impaired concentration, behavioral changes, epileptic seizures and coma), degenerative brain disorders, osteomalacia (weakening of the bones), cholestasis (blocking of bile flow), ototoxicity (ear disease), different forms of anemia, disturbed erythropoiesis (formation of blood cells) and inhibition of macrophage and leukocyte defensive mechanisms.
Al was found in amyloid ‘‘plaques’’ and protein ‘‘tangles’’, the brain lesions typical of Alzheimer’s disorder, one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders causing dementia in more than 24 million people worldwide.
Other toxic molecular mechanism of some metals, like aluminum, cadmium, lead and mercury: they may metabolically interact with the key role of essential body metals (e.g., Cr, Zn, Mn, Fe, Mo, Cu); for example, lead interacts with calcium in the nervous system and alters neurocognitive learning skills in the early stages of the child development, or cadmium and Al interact with calcium in the skeletal tissues to produce osteomalacia (bone pain, ribs, hips and vertebrae fractures) and muscle weakness. Moreover, Al binds to DNA and RNA, influencing the expression of genes essential for brain functions. Al also binds to ATP, the energy molecule of the body, and can influence energy metabolism.
References:
Agmon-Levin N, Paz Z, Israeli E, Shoenfeld Y. 2009 Vaccines and autoimmunity. Nat
Agmon-Levin, N, GRV Hughes and Y Shoenfeld 2012. The spectrum of ASIA: 'Autoimmune (Auto-inflammatory) Syndrome induced by Adjuvants Lupus 21: 118
Barthelow Classen J, Classen JB Review of Vaccine Induced Immune Overload and the Resulting Epidemics ofType 1 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome, Emphasis on Explaining the Recent Accelerations in the Risk of Prediabetes and other Immune Mediated Diseases, J Mol Genet Med 2014, S1:02
Belmonte, M., Greg Allen, Andrea Beckel-Mitchener, Lisa M. Boulanger, Ruth A. Carper, and Sara J. Webb 2004 (Autism and Abnormal Development of Brain Connectivity. The Journal of Neuroscience, 20 October 2004, 24(42): 9228-9231
Bernsen RM, Nagelkerke NJ, Thijs C, van der Wouden JC. 2008 Reported pertussis infection and risk of atopy in 8- to 12-yr-old vaccinated and non-vaccinated children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 19(1): 46-52.
Biasi D, Carletto A, Caramaschi P, Frigo A, Pacor ML, Bezzi D, Bambara LM. Rheumatological manifestations following hepatitis B vaccination. 1994. A report of 2 clinical cases (article in Italian). Recenti Prog Med 85:438-440.
Biasi D, De Sandre G, Bambara LM, Carletto A, Caramaschi P, Zanoni G, Tridente G. 1993 A new case of reactive arthritis after hepatitis B vaccination. Clin Exp Rheumatol 11:215.
Couette, M., Marie-Françoise Boisse, Patrick Maison, Pierre Brugieres, Pierre Cesaro, Xavier Chevalier, Romain K. Gherardi, Anne-Catherine Bachoud-Levi, François-Jérôme Authier 2009 Long-term persistence of vaccine-derived aluminum hydroxide is associated with chronic cognitive dysfunction, Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 103, 1571–1578
Europan Hospital, 2012. Silicone gel breast implants and connective tissue and autoimmune disease risk , http://www.european-hospital.com/en/article/9384-Silicone_gel_breast_implants_and_connective_tissue_and_autoimmune_disease_risk.html
Exley C, Siesjo¨ P, Erikssson H. The immunobiology of aluminium adjuvants: how do they really work? Trends Immunol. 2010; 31:103–9.
Finielz P, Lam-Kam-Sang LF. 1998 Systemic lupus erythematosus and thrombocytopenic purpura in two members of the same family. Nephrol Dial Transplant 13:2420-2421.
Fisher SG, Weber L, Carbone M. 1999 Cancer risk associated with simian virus 40 contaminated polio vaccine. Anticancer Res. 19(3B):2173-80.
Gherardi RK and FJ Authier 2012 Macrophagic myofasciitis: characterization and pathophysiology, Lupus 21: 184
Gross K. Combe C, Kruger K, Schattenkirschner M. 1995 Arthritis after hepatitis B vaccination. Report of three cases. Scand J Rheumatol 24:50-52.
Guiseriz J. 1996 Systemic lupus erythematosus following hepatitis B vaccine. Nephron, 74:441.
Haschulla E, Houvenagel E, Mingui A, Vincent G, Laine A. 1990. Reactive arthritis after hepatitis B vaccination. J Rheumatol 17:1250-1251.
Hertz-Picciotto, I., Hye-Youn Park, Miroslav Dostal, Anton Kocan, Tomas Trnovec and Radim Sram 2008 Prenatal Exposures to Persistent and Non-Persistent Organic Compounds and Effects on Immune System Development, Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 102, 146–154
http://www.naturalnews.com/041593_CDC_polio_vaccine_SV40_cancer_virus.html#ixzz339Istadx
Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H. 2000 Effects of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis or tetanus vaccination on allergies and allergy-related respiratory symptoms among children and adolescents in the United States. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 23(2):81-90.
Israeli E, Agmon-Levin N, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y. 2009 Adjuvants and autoimmunity.
Kawahara M (2005) Effects of aluminum on the nervous system and its possible link with neurodegenerative diseases. J Alzheimers Dis 8: 171-182.
Khan, Z. Christophe Combadière, François-Jérôme Authier, Valérie Itier, François Lux,
Christopher Exley, Meriem Mahrouf-Yorgov, Xavier Decrouy, Philippe Moretto, Olivier Tillement, Romain K Gherardi† and Josette Cadusseau 2013 Slow CCL2-dependent translocation of biopersistent particles from muscle to brain, BMC Medicine 11:99
Kawahara M, Kato-Negishi M (2011) Link between Aluminum and the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease: The Integration of the Aluminum and Amyloid Cascade Hypotheses. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011: 276393.
Kelly H. 2006. Evidence for a causal association between oral polio vaccine and transverse myelitis: A case history and review of the Literature. J Paediatr Child Health., 42(4):155-9.
Kool M, Soullié T, van Nimwegen M, Willart MA, Muskens F, Jung S, Hoogsteden HC, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN: Alum adjuvant boosts adaptive immunity by inducing uric acid and activating inflammatory dendritic cells. J Exp Med 2008, 205:869–882.
Luján, L., Marta Pérez, Eider Salazar, Neila Álvarez, Marina Gimeno, Pedro Pinczowski, Silvia Irusta, Jesús Santamaría, et al. 2013 Autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA syndrome) in commercial Immunologic Research, 55,1-3,
Masahiro Kawahara and Midori Kato-Negishi 2011 Link between Aluminum and the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: The Integration of the Aluminum and Amyloid Cascade Hypotheses Int J Alzheimers Dis.
Melendez, L., Diana dos Santos, Luna Polido, Mariel Lopes Mendes, Silvia Sella, Luiz Querino Caldas and Emmanoel Silva-Filho, 2013, Aluminium and Other Metals May Pose a Risk to Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Biochemical and Behavioural Impairments Clin Exp Pharmacol, 3:1
Meroni, PL 2011. Autoimmune or auto-inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA): Old truths and a new syndrome? Journal of Autoimmunity 36
Rev Rheumatol 5:648e52.
Orbach H1, Tanay A. 2009 Vaccines as a trigger for myopathies. Lupus. 18(13):1213-6.
Rodella LF, Ricci F, Borsani E, Stacchiotti A, Foglio E, et al. (2008) Aluminium exposure induces Alzheimer’s disease-like histopathological alterations in mouse brain. Histol Histopathol 23: 433-439.
Exley, C., Louise Swarbrick, Rhomain K. Gherardi, Francois-Jérôme Authier 2008 A role for the body burden of aluminium in vaccine-associated macrophagic myofasciitis and chronic fatigue syndrome. Medical Hypothesis
Rogerson SJ. Nye FJ. 1990 Hepatitis B vaccine associated with erythema nodosum and polyarthritis. BMJ 301:345.
RxList, the internet Drug Index, 2014, http://www.rxlist.com/flulaval-drug.htm
Shaw CA, Petrik MSJ: Aluminum hydroxide injections lead to motor deficits and motor neuron degeneration. J Inorg Biochem 2009, 103:1555–1562.
Shaw, CA, Tomljenovic, L. Aluminium in the central nervous system (CNS): toxicity in humans and animals, vaccine adjuvants, and autoimmunity. Immunol. Res.
Shaw,
C.A., Y. Li, L. Tomljenovic 2013. Administration of aluminium to
neonatal mice in vaccine-relevant amounts is associated with adverse
long term neurological outcomes. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry
Shoenfeld Y, Agmon-Levin N. 2011 'ASIA' - autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants. J Autoimmun. 36(1):4-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2010.07.003.
Shoenfeld, Y, Agmon Levine, N 2011 ASIA: A New Way to Put the Puzzle Together,The Rheumatologist
Tomljenovic, L., Shaw, C.A. 2011 Do aluminium vaccine adjuvants contribute to the rising prevalence of autism?. Jouranl of Inorganic Biocemistry, 105, 1489-1499
Tudela P, Marti S, Bonanl J. 1992 Systemic lupus erythematosus and vaccination against hepatitis B. Nephron 62:236.
Yokel RA, Allen DD, Meyer JJ (1994) Studies of aluminum neurobehavioral toxicity in the intact mammal. Cell Mol Neurobiol 14: 791-808.
Wikipedia 2014, Thiomersal, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiomersal
Part II
In the previous post we discussed the relations between vaccines with Al as adjuvant and diseases. Such relations include those of simple co-appearance – vaccine and disease happen in the same individual but one does not necessarily cause the other-, and causation, - i.e. the vaccine causes the disease. Such reactions to vaccines are considered quite rare and not impinging on the general safety of vaccines.
The problems with vaccine-derived Al include the facts that: 1. Al can persist in the body for a long time after vaccination (up to years for Macrophagic Myofasciitis - described further down), 2. Al can trigger immunologic diseases and 3. Al can make its way into the CNS where it can drive further dangerous immuno-inflammatory and excitotoxic processes (! here could be the link between Al-vaccine and autoimmune reaction, neurogedeneration and behavioral dysfunctions).
1. Al is engulfed into macrophages (immune system white blood cells) and can remain there for a long time and transported inside them throughout the organism.
2. Al can trigger immune responses, in predisposed people. For an adjuvant disease to develop, genetic susceptibilities or co-exposure to other environmental factors are needed. Therefore, adjuvant effect appears in subjects who are genetically susceptible OR in those who are subject to another trigger, such as in co-exposure to more than one adjuvant (or repetitive vaccines). These individuals show an adverse reaction to Al-vaccines and it seems that for these people aluminium acts as an antigen –an intruder to be fought against. Several receivers of vaccines (as many as 1% of all vaccinated people) retain a memory of exposure to aluminium from, for example, childhood vaccination, and show delayed hyper-sensitivity (a form of allergy) to subsequent exposures: i.e. these recipients are sensitized to aluminium. This hyper-sensitivity together with an aluminium overload through repetitive vaccination can lead to an adverse reaction: the immune system fights against the antigen Al contained in the vaccine as well as against all significant body stores of it, an autoimmune reaction.
3. Al has been found in CNS and it is now clear that it can cross the protective blood-brain barrier causing neurological damages. Alum is potentially highly neurotoxic, but it is used at such concentrations that are considered by the industry and regulatory agencies an acceptable compromise between acting as adjuvant and being toxic. The potential toxicity of alum depends by its capacity to remain localized at injection points or dispersing and accumulating in distant tissues. Al is present as aggregates of minuscule (nano-sized, 1/1,000,000 mm) particles in the vaccines and these minuscule particles were believed to remain at the shot site and outside o the cell membranes. However some cells of the immune system take up these alum particles and transport them to distant sites through the lymphatic system and into blood, spleen, and can even penetrate the brain, although at a very low rate in normal conditions. However, continuous doses of Al may become dangerously unsafe, especially in case of overimmunization or of an immature or altered blood brain barrier, like the one of babies or aging people.
While scientists and doctors have known about the property of aluminium of facilitating the immune response for at least 80 years, they still do not fully understand the mechanism of this functioning! The challenge would seem to try to balance the Al facilitating effect with the risk of it remaining in the organism and triggering an inflammatory reaction, the fighting response of the immune system. Some scientists believe that a subject’s sensitivity to Al should probably be detected before submitting him/her to a vaccine containing Al. Or else, less dangerous adjuvants could be experimented.
Similar to the case of Al, a causative relationship between an adjuvant (but not from a vaccine) and a particular group of symptoms has been reported for a completely different scenario. A significant link has been documented frequently in recent years between breast implants and a collection of conditions, some of which are autoimmune reactions: systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, impaired cognition, depression, dry eyes, dry mouth, skin abnormalities, paresthesia, swollen and tender axillary glands, unexplained fever, hair loss, headache and morning stiffness. The term “the adjuvant disease” or siliconosis was given in the early 1990s to these silicone-induced autoimmune phenomena.
ASIA, a new syndrome1? The manifestations of post-vaccination reactions and siliconosis are now recognized by scientists to be similar to other recently described conditions called Gulf War Syndrome (GWS) and Macrophagic Myofasciitis syndrome (MMF). GWS showed up in veterans of Gulf War presenting similar symptoms as discussed above: fatigue, muscle pain, cognitive problems, memory problems, neurological problems, rashes and diarrhea. During the Gulf War, the vaccination plan included the anthrax vaccine, administered in a six-shot regimen and adjuvated by aluminium hydroxide and squalene.
MMF presents with a lesion containing aluminium salts at the site of an intramuscular injection, and with systemic symptoms of muscle and joint pain which are the effects of an inflammatory reaction to alum from 3 months to 10 years after injection.
Thus 2 years ago, these four conditions, post- vaccinations autoimmune reactions, siliconosis, GWS and MMF, carrying common systemic symptoms were linked to the exposure to an adjuvant and defined by a group of researchers under the same umbrella of ASIA, Autoimmune or auto-inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants.
The mechanisms by which ASIA symptoms are triggered are unknown, however the adjuvant (Al in the case of vaccines, GWS and MMF) is researched as the possible culprit.
Aluminum is the most widely distributed metal in our environment plus it is the most common adjuvant used in human and animal vaccine. A suggestion to this link is given by animal (mice, fish, sheep) studies and observations in which chronic exposure to aluminum is associated with behavioral, neuropathological and neurochemical changes.
Al is widely used in animal vaccines. In veterinary applications the safety of alum as an adjuvant is being questioned at present: a new syndrome was recently described affecting up to 50–70% of farmed sheep flocks and up to 100% of animals within a flock or salmons in a farm. The symptoms are severe neurobehavioural impacts like restlessness, compulsive wool biting, weakness, muscle tremors, loss of response to stimuli, tetraplegia, diseases of the liver and peritoneum, circulatory disease and kidney disease, stupor, coma and death. Scientists believe that these reactions depend on the persistence of Al in the central nervous system AND on the chronic hyperstimulation of the immune system which would facilitate the production of autoantibodies (antibodies against own healthy cells) leading to autoimmune disease. A similar explanation to the hypersensitivity reactions of certain humans.
--------------------------
1 A syndrome is defined as “a collection of signs and symptoms that often occur together in the same individuals. Its characteristics may be induced by a number of different primary causes that give rise to the same clinical manifestations”.
References:
Agmon-Levin N, Paz Z, Israeli E, Shoenfeld Y. 2009 Vaccines and autoimmunity. Nat
Agmon-Levin, N, GRV Hughes and Y Shoenfeld 2012. The spectrum of ASIA: 'Autoimmune (Auto-inflammatory) Syndrome induced by Adjuvants Lupus 21: 118
Barthelow Classen J, Classen JB 2014 Review of Vaccine Induced Immune Overload and the Resulting Epidemics ofType 1 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome, Emphasis on Explaining the Recent Accelerations in the Risk of Prediabetes and other Immune Mediated Diseases, J Mol Genet Med S1:02
Belmonte, M., Greg Allen, Andrea Beckel-Mitchener, Lisa M. Boulanger, Ruth A. Carper, and Sara J. Webb 2004 (Autism and Abnormal Development of Brain Connectivity. The Journal of Neuroscience, 20 October 2004, 24(42): 9228-9231
Bernsen RM, Nagelkerke NJ, Thijs C, van der Wouden JC. 2008 Reported pertussis infection and risk of atopy in 8- to 12-yr-old vaccinated and non-vaccinated children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 19(1): 46-52.
Biasi D, Carletto A, Caramaschi P, Frigo A, Pacor ML, Bezzi D, Bambara LM. Rheumatological manifestations following hepatitis B vaccination. 1994. A report of 2 clinical cases (article in Italian). Recenti Prog Med 85:438-440.
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After a complex research on previous studies and lots of reading of scientific papers, here it is, the focus of this ‘recent research of research’ of mine:
Impact of vaccines on immunity (or body defense system) and the nervous system.
This story will come in chapters, it's long BUT it is very interesting. I was quite shocked to find SO many studies published in peer review journals confirming the link between vaccines and disesases...both in adults and in children.
What is the relationship between an increasing number of vaccinations and the appearance of several otherwise unexplained diseases of our times, like: 1. autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Multiple Sclerosis, or 2. neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), or 3. behavioral-emotional diseases like Autism?
All such syndromes or diseases have been increasing in the past 2 generations, however this observation is difficult to measure in an absolute manner since diagnosis has also improved – but not only: for example, neurodegenerative diseases: a study estimated that in 2006, 0.40% of the world population (26.6 million) were affected by AD, and that this rate would triple by 2050; behavioral diseases, 6.7 in 1000 children had autism in 2000 and 14.7 in 1000 children in 2010; autoimmune diseases: altogether … 1 in 20 people in Western countries have an autoimmune disease!
When I came to learn about the tight connection between nervous and immune system in both development and functioning, many things became clear or plausible. The immune system develops – and later works - tightly with the nervous system. The two interact extensively via cytokines, messenger molecules produced by cells of the immune system, and neuropeptides, messengers produced by the nervous systems: cytokines are recognized by nervous system glial cells, and neuropeptides are recognized by immune cells. Some cytokines not only control the development of the nervous system but also help in its protection and regeneration. There is a constant talk between the two systems.
The immune system pervades our organism by interacting with the nervous system and endocrine system, and checking everywhere for the presence of invaders or dead or malfunctioning cells to be eliminated. It permeates every component of our body with its cells and messengers.
The immune system is our protector from harmful stimuli, like pathogens, damaged cells, irritants, etc. Inflammation is the number one response of the immune system to fight any attack from inside or outside. Examples of inflammation are: a bruise from a fall or an infection, which are characterized by redness, warmth, pain, swelling.
Autoimmune and autoinflammatory reactions and diseases are the results of an improper functioning of the immune system, in which the immune cells mistakenly fight against their own organism. The body attacks and destroys itself. Such is the case of multiple sclerosis (MS), in which the myelin sheath of neurons is destroyed, or of systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), in which skin, joints, kidneys and brain get attacked.
Neurodegenerative diseases, like AD, Parkinson’s and ALS (Amyotyroiphic lateral sclerosis or motoneuron disease), are caused by loss of structure and function of the nervous system. There are commonalities among them, like strange conglomerates of proteins and nervous cells death.
Behavioral-emotional diseases affect behavior and emotion: included are ADHD, schizophrenia, bipolar, and sometimes AD.
All such diseases, like all diseases in general, have a genetic AND an environmental component. Your chances to get one of these (or any other) disease depends on your DNA make-up as well as on the external conditions: life style, where you live, diet, what you do, your exposure to toxins, amount and type of physical exercise etc. Which means that, IF you have the genes for a disease, you do not NECESSARILY get it, if you avoid certain environmental triggers.
What is the common factor between autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and behavioral diseases? There is a theory and many proven correlations that adjuvants used in medicine (vaccination, implants) could cause these conditions.
Adjuvants are pharmacological agents that modify the effect of another agent. Immunologic adjuvants are substances that are used in the delivery of a vaccine to make it more long-lasting and effective. Such adjuvants interact with cells in the immune system to make it more reactive in the defense towards antigens = toxic molecules or organisms (ex. bacteria or viruses that are delivered through the vaccine to prepare the system of defense in face of a real invasion). Adjuvants also provide antigen transport to the lymph nodes, where cells of the immune systems can be produced in high number to fight specifically that antigen; thus such adjuvants provide a longer exposure of pathogens to the immune system and a more robust response. In doing so, they enable the decrease of the amount of antigen needed and thereby the production of a larger number of vaccines (!). The most common immunological adjuvant is alum or hydrated potassium aluminium sulfate, used in vaccines since 1927. Silicon is also considered an adjuvant when used in breast implants.
Adjuvants and autoimmune diseases? Formerly, adjuvants were thought to be harmless, but studies of animal models and human reactions to vaccines demonstrated the ability of some of them to cause autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases in some patients.
Vaccines are important achievements of modern medicine and are commonly and safely inoculated to human and animals worldwide. However, sometimes, vaccines can induce the appearances of autoantibodies, inflammatory conditions and autoimmune diseases: arthritis, neuronal damage, fatigue, encephalitis and vasculitis have been frequently described in association to vaccines. A similar association has been proven between silicon in implants and other autoimmune reactions. The factors with the adjuvant activity (infectious agents and alum in vaccines and silicon in breast implants) are the link to the immune-mediated diseases. Such association has been observed in both in animals (where tests could be run and causation proven) and in humans.
Causation versus correlation: Such association between vaccines, or other environmental factors, with immune-mediated diseases have been shown in numerous studies, however it is almost impossible to prove a cause-and-effect relationship. They just happen to appear in conjunction.
However, in some (many!) cases this causation has been scientifically proven and in few cases the causation is now accepted by the medical community and the decision makers: in 1976 an outbreak of Guillain-Barré syndrome (a dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system causing paralysis and eventually death) followed vaccination with the “swine flu” vaccine. After complete acceptance of this causation link, warnings of possible side effects as GB syndrome are still notified on labels in present flu-vaccines packages. Similar causal relationship (i.e. the vaccine caused the disease) have been accepted for:
Oral Polio Vaccine: transverse myelitis (inflammation of the spinal cord and sensory and motor loss and paralysis), inflammatory myopathies
Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis Vaccine (DTP): arthritis, inflammatory myopathies
Diphtheria with scarlet fever vaccine: inflammatory myopathies
Pertussis Vaccine: allergic disorders (asthma, hay fever, food allergy),
Smallpox Vaccine: inflammatory myopathies,
Measles-mumps-rubella Vaccine (MMR): arthritis, autoimmune thrombocytopenia
Tuberculosis bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine: inflammatory myopathies
Tetanus Vaccine: inflammatory myopathies
Human Papilloma virus Vaccine: SLE
Hepstein Barr Vaccine: SLE
Hepatitis B Vaccine: arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, SLE, inflammatory myopathies
Influenza vaccine: polymyalgia rheumatic, SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis
H1N1 Vaccine: inflammatory myopathies, sometimes associated with interstitial lung disease
The list goes on. The more I search the more I find scientific published research on the relations between vaccines an autoimmune diseases. There are probably as many works stating the opposite. But here you go, up to you to juice out a truth. If there is a risk….why running it? Especially, why taking it for your child?
…next on breast implants and auto-immune diseases, ASIA syndrome, autism, children vaccination....
This text is to be taken as information, always refer to your medical doctor for questions. Learn to be informed before conseting on your or your child's health.
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ADHD (Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder) is one the most common and impairing health conditions affecting school-aged children. The research on it is quite recent. Worldwide, 5.29% of persons of age 18 and under are diagnosed with ADHD (based on a 2007 review from all world regions). Boys get affected three times more frequently than girls (2.2% vs 0.7%), according to data from 2010. Children with ADHD are at a higher risk of drug abuse and delinquencies in their teens and between 30 and 70% of children affected will carry the condition into adulthood. It is estimated that about 8 million adults may be affected but 80% of them do not know. In adults this condition manifests mainly with problems of lack of self-regulation and can conduct to marital conflicts, substance abuse, financial problems.
It is medically described as a mental disorder, usually diagnosed by a series of neurological tests and by the presence of a specific number of clearly described symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity that have persisted for at least six months and that result in clinically significant impairment in social, academic, occupational functioning.
The causes of this condition are not completely identified yet but genetics seems to be the most important fact, followed by diet. Nutritional deficiencies and excesses, as well as food sensitivities can either cause or have a huge impact on ADHD symptoms.
The correlated nutritional deficiencies include: mineral deficiencies, such as zinc, magnesium (one of the most widespread deficiency in the world), iron, low levels of proteins, glutathione (one of the strongest antioxidants in the body), omega 3.
Among nutritional excesses are high consumption of refined sugars, pro-inflammatory diets, food with colorants, preservatives and other food additives. A recent research published on The Lancet found that drink mixtures containing common food dyes and the preservative sodium benzoate increase hyperactivity scores in 3 year olds, eight- and nine-year-olds.
Digestive problems can also dramatically affect brain development and result in attention and hyperactivity disorders. A common factor among ADHD patients is a weak intestinal system (leaky gut) and relative food allergies. The most common food allergens to avoid: pasteurized dairy products and gluten-containing grains such as wheat, barley, rye, kamut, spelt and to a less degree oats. Soy products, some nuts, eggs are sometimes not well tolerated. Other possible allergens include those of the nightshade family such as eggplant, tomatoes and potatoes.
Other conditions correlated to ADHD, thus not surely a cause but appearing at the same time, include 1- circumstances prior and during birth: infections during pregnancy (measles, varicella, rubella, streptococcal infection), smoking when pregnant, premature birth; 2 -chemical sensitivities to synthetic products like polychlorinated biphenyls, organophosphates, organochlorine, heavy metals (mercury - including mercury used as adjuvants in vaccines, lead), polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (found in products such as food packaging, nonstick pan coatings, paper and textile coatings, and personal care products); 3 -hypoglycemia; 4 -electromagnetic wave exposure (use of mobile devices when pregnant, exposure to cell phones prenatally—and, to a lesser degree, postnatally); 5- early television watching (before age 3); 6- fluorescent light and low natural light exposure. All these factors showed to have an impact on brain development and to be related to ADHD symptoms.
The management of ADHD typically involves counseling or medications (nervous system stimulants and sometimes antidepressants) either alone or in combination. Use of such medication does not eliminate negative outcomes entirely and can have serious side effects. For these reasons many parents are now asking support to the complementary medicine approach.
Dietary modifications have shown to give some benefits and sometimes herbal prescriptions are more effective that synthetic drugs.
Critical nutrients that are key for brain function can be in deficiency due to a poor or process food-based diet include. Vitamin D, Folic acid, Pyridoxine (B6), Vitamin B12, Zinc, CoQ10, and trace minerals are important for the brain. Supplementing amino acids that are precursors of neurotransmitters such as tryptophan, tyrosine and glutamine insure the needed building materials to make serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine and GABA that have been found to be in low amounts in ADHD patients, due to insufficient protein assumption or bad absorption.
Herbal remedies that have shown promise without side effects are Ginkgo biloba, Siberian ginseng, Gotu kola, and green oats.
Please take this reading as educational and do not interrupt medications without advice from your doctor.
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Vitamin D is an essential nutrient, but it is more like a hormone than a vitamin itself. It has innumerable functions throughout the body, although its fame is linked to its requirement for proper skeleton formation and prevention of rickets. In fact, Vitamin D deficiency causes growth retardation and rickets in children and will precipitate and exacerbate osteopenia, osteoporosis and increase risk of fractures in adults.
This is due to the fact that one well known function of vitamin D is to enhance the efficiency of calcium absorption from the intestine. Besides this action, though, vitamin D is key to several other functions in the body, from muscular performance to immune system function, from kidney function to cardiovascular health to fertility.
Vitamin D promotes insulin secretion (preventing diabetes), inhibits adaptive immunity but promotes innate immunity (protecting from autoimmune diseases and infections), inhibits cell proliferation and enhances cell self-death (protecting from cancer), alters cardiac contractility, stimulates sex hormones production. Vitamin D has a n important effect on reproduction in both women and men: it might influence production of sex hormones (estradiol and progesterone) in women and men, and it is positively associated with semen quality.
Notwithstanding its importance, many people (an estimated 1 billion) are vitamin D deficient (D3 level less than 20 29 ng/ml), i.e. they do not even have the minimal amount of it for correct functioning of these body systems. This is recognized as one of the most common medical conditions in children and adults. Doctors are starting to accept vit D’s important role and prescribe it, although mainly to prevent osteoporosis in post-menopause women.
But its need of supplementation does not end here.
It is calculated that approximately 90% of all vitamin D needed has to be formed in the skin under the effect of ultraviolet radiation UV B. This might be one reason for it being so low in so many people: strict sun protection, predicated in the past 30 years or so to supposedly prevent skin cancers, causes vitamin D-deficiency.
Use of sunscreens: not only do synthetic sunscreens effectively block the healing benefits of the sun, by blocking UVB rays, but they also become absorbed into the skin where they create several potential health problems. Moreover, synthetic sunscreens create a false sense of security by disabling the skin's early reaction for overexposure, the sunburn, which creates other health problems. When sunburn, the skin gets damaged by sun rays through creation of free radicals, which are responsible, among other things, for premature ageing and some cancers. That is why it is a good idea to counter these free radicals with antioxidants in the diet.
The synthesis of vitamin D in the skin is a function of skin pigmentation (at darker skin corresponds a lower synthesis) and of the solar angle, which depends on latitude, season, and time of day. Melanin absorbs 99.9% of the UVB photons into heat that is easily dissipated, which effectively avoids radiation damage that contributes to cell damage. The remaining photons are used for the transformation of 7-dehydrocholesterol found in the skin to the previtamin D3.
This 0.1% of photons use is extremely rapid and robust. The obtained forms of pre-vitamin D (D3) is biologically inactive and require activation in the liver and kidneys.
It is believed that, besides the recent lower sun exposure, also protein losses, gastrointestinal malabsorption (so common in our times) and defective skin synthesis might contribute to the elevated number of people with suboptimal level of such vitamin.
Insufficient dietary intake might be another cause: vitamin D is found in eggs and oily fish. Eggs have been (unjustly) receiving a bad name with the appearance of the cholesterol fright(1) of the past 20 years and oily fish do not get highly consumed by the general population, except probably among Inuit. Also, farmed salmon (the most commonly eaten one) has a mean content of vitamin D of approximately 25% of the mean content found in wild caught salmon. Vitamin D content in food is however minimal importance when compared to vitamin D production from the skin-sun reaction.
Association of vitamin D-deficiency has been found with various diseases including cancer (especially breast, ovarian, prostate, colorectal, multiple myeloma and Hodgkins lymphoma, pancreas, leukemia), heart failure, bone diseases, autoimmune diseases (Multiple Sclerosis, autoimmune thyroid diseases, Systemic Sclerosis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus , Rheumatoid Arthritis, Chron’s disease), chronic kidney disease, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases and hypertension, type II diabetes, infertility, muscular diseases (myopathies, risk of falling, fibromyalgia), asthma and neurological disorders (cognitive performance, depression, Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia).
A series of studies have suggested that low vitamin D increases risk of cancer: in a recent study researchers from Northwestern University found that vitamin D deficiency can increase the risk of aggressive prostate cancer in some men by nearly 500 percent. Lung cancer patients have a better prognosis with vit D3 enhancement by high sun exposure.
Vitamin D supplementation can also increase survival of chronic kidney disease patients. In general, and this is what science reveals, higher vitamin D levels are associated with lower overall mortality.
We hope that this article educated on the beneficial effects of moderate sunlight for providing us the vitamin D requirement for good health. For people who are not exposed to sunlight, a supplement is recommended: at present, most experts agree that daily intake of 1000- to 5000 IU vitamin D in adults and 400 IU in children could reduce the incidence of vitamin D-deficiency-related diseases.
So finally, avoid getting sunburn, but do not avoid the sun: train your skin in spring with the morning to midday sun, exposing your body 15-20 minutes at first and then longer times, without sun protection. Use the coloring of the skin as a gauge for safety against overexposure.
(1) For a complete explanation on cholesterol and cardiovascular health and how to avoid the need of statins, order the series of seminars on Cholesterol on www.puravita.co.nz
References
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